Winterberry Holly

Winterberry Holly, or Ilex verticillata, is unlike many other hollies. It has papery leaves that are finely toothed, but lack any needle-like points, and drop in the fall leaving only the fruit behind. As the name suggests, Winterberries are the most distinctive in early winter, when the bright red fruit is at its peak.

Scientific Description:

Ilex verticillata is a tall, deciduous shrub often 5-15 feet tall. Like many hollies, it is dioecious, meaning individual plants are either male or female. Only the females of this species, when cross-pollinated with a male, will produce fruit. Winterberry Holly can be found in moist woodlands, woodland margins, and boggy areas. It can be identified by its simple, alternately arranged leaves which turn shades of yellow and red in the fall, or by its smooth grey-brown bark and zigzagging stems.

Habitat Value:

The fruit of Winterberry Holly is an important late-season food source for over 48 species of birds. It's also browsed by many small mammals and is a larval host plant for Henry's Elfin butterfly.

Landscape Use:

Winterberry can be grown in full or partial sun and thrives in wet areas. It is a versatile plant that can be used in hedges, rain gardens, or naturalized areas. Planting in an open area will encourage a tree-like growth habit, while planting below large trees will provide a structural element to your garden bed. In order to produce the gorgeous bright red fruit in winter, a male should be planted within 40 feet of a female Winterberry. Whether it's the bountiful red fruit or its golden red leaves in the fall, Winterberry is an excellent source of fall and winter interest in home gardens.